Electrocardiography Interpretation

ECG Principles & Special Cases

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Electrocardiography Mechanics & Interpretation

ECG Principles of Electrocardiography

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Recognize and identify normal and abnormal features and variations on electrocardiograms
Identify common disease entities that can recognized or suspected from an electrocardiogram
Relate electrocardiographic findings to their associated history and physical findings
Peer-reviewed revisions by board-certified experts keeps content fresh
Media banks featuring high-resolution ECGs, images, videos, and more for reference and teaching applications
Adaptive learning and other smart utilities built-in

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Topics

ECG Principles of Electrocardiography Topics

ECG Principles of Electrocardiography

Electrocardiography Fundamentals

Electrocardiographic Limb Leads

The Horizontal Plane Electrocardiogram

The Normal Electrocardiogram

How to Produce a Good ECG Tracing

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The Problem of Increased Voltage
Frontal Plane LVH Criteria
Horizontal Plane LVH Criteria
Secondary LVH Criteria
Secondary Horizontal Plane LVH Criteria
The LVH Strain Pattern
Other Secondary T Criteria for LVH
Causes of Reduced Voltage
Acquired Ventricular Dilatation
Complete Bundle Branch Block and LVH
Volume Overloading of the Left Ventricle
The Significance of LVH on the ECG in Systolic Overloads

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Frontal Plane Criteria for RVH
The Frontal Plane ECG in Emphysema or COPD
The Horizontal Plane ECG in Emphysema or COPD
Pectus Excavatum Versus Emphysema
Cachectic Heart Versus COPD
Horizontal Plane RVH Criteria
Initial V1 Negativity in RVH
S-T, T in the Right Precordium with RVH
Right Ventricular Systolic or Pressure Overloading
RVH of Pulmonary Stenosis
RBBB Pattern and Right Ventricular Overloading
RVH with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Right Ventricular Diastolic Overload Pattern
Combined Ventricular Overloads and Differential Diagnosis of RVH

Atrial Overloads

General Principles of Atrial Overload
The P Axis in Right Atrial Overload
The P Axis in COPD
P Pulmonale and Pseudo P Pulmonale in RA Overload
Horizontal Plane Signs of Right Atrial Overload
The Ta Wave and P-R Segment
Left Atrial Overload – Physiology and Etiologies
Wide, Notched P Waves (Intraatrial Block) in LA Overload
The P Axis in Left Atrial Overloads
Horizontal Plane Signs of Left Atrial Overload
Left Atrial Overload in Coronary Disease
Atrial Overloads in Atrial Arrhythmias

Initial QRS Changes in Myocardial Infarction

General Vector Rules in Myocardial Infarction
Direction of Initial Forces in Myocardial Infarction
Pathogenesis and Recognition of Necrosis Vectors
Recognition of a Necrosis Vector in the Frontal Plane
Recognizing Sites of Infarction by Frontal Plane Necrosis Changes
Horizontal Plane Necrosis Changes
Posterior Infarction
Normal Septal Versus Infarct Vectors in the Horizontal Plane
Uncovering Hidden Necrosis Vectors
Infarction in the Presence of LBBB
LBBB Initial Vectors Versus Infarct Vectors
Right Ventricular Overload Initial Vectors Mimicking Necrosis
Normal Q Wave in Lead 3 Versus Inferior Infarction

Terminal QRS Changes in Myocardial Infarction

Hemiblocks or Divisional Blocks
Anterior Divisional Blocks
Left Axis Deviation With No Divisional Blocks
LVH and Anterior Divisional Blocks
Congenital Heart Disease With Possible ADBs
Posterior Divisional Blocks
Initial Vector in Divisional Blocks
Bifascicular and Trifascicular Blocks
Masquerading Bundle Branch Block
Postdivisional LBBB and QRS Axis
Trifascicular and Quadrifascicular Blocks or Delays
Etiologies and Prognoses of Bifascicular and Trifascicular Blocks
Lev’s Disease and Lenegre’s Disease
Periinfarction Blocks
Imitators of Classic Periinfarction Block

Electronic Pacemakers

S-T Vector of Myocardial Infarction & Injury

Normal Repolarization Process
Genesis and Direction of the Injury Current
Frontal Plane Sites of Infarction
Horizontal Plane Sites
Significance of the Injury Current
Pericarditis Versus Infarction
Early Repolarization Versus Pericarditis
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Strain Pattern Versus an Injury Current
Digitalis S-T Vector Versus the LVH Strain Pattern
Subendocardial Current of Injury
J Wave and Hypothermia
Exercise Testing
Criteria for an Ischemic S-T Response to Exercise Testing
How to Avoid False Positive Exercise Tests
How to Avoid False-Negative Exercise Tests for Ischemia
Vasospastic Angina Pectoris S-T Abnormalities

T Wave of Myocardial Infarction & Ischemia

Nonischemic T Abnormalities

Benign T Abnormalities & Syndromes

Types of T Abnormalities and Syndromes Associated with a Normal Myocardium
Juvenile T Pattern
Neurotic Heart T Syndrome
Hyperventilation Syndrome T Abnormalities
S-T, T Abnormalities and the Valsalva Maneuver
Isolated T Negativity Syndrome
Benign T Negativity of Athletes
Cerebral Autonomic T Abnormalities
Prolapsed Mitral Valve Syndrome
Suspended Heart Syndrome
T Inversion of Schizophrenia
T Waves After Artificial Pacing

Initial Activation & the Septal Vector

Bundle Branch Block

Initial QRS Vector in Right Bundle Branch Block
Direction of the Terminal QRS Vector in Right Bundle Branch Block
Terminal Slowing in Right Bundle Branch Block
Complete and Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block
Right Bundle Branch Block Pattern
Axis in Right Bundle Branch Block
Initial Vector in Left Bundle Branch Block
Mid-QRS Forces in Left Bundle Branch Block
Terminal QRS Forces and Intrinsicoid Deflections in Left Bundle Branch Block
Complete and Incomplete Left Bundle Branch Block
Secondary S-T, T Changes of Bundle Branch Block
Significance of Right and Left Bundle Branch Block

Initial vector Abnormalities in Preexcitation Syndromes

Bundle of His Recordings

Nodal Abnormalities, Escape Beats & PACs

Reading Heart Rates
Sinus Tachycardia and Bradycardia
Automatic Control of the SA Node
Sinus Arrhythmia
Natural Pacemakers and the Transmembrane Action Potential
Phase 4
SA Block and Sinus Arrest
Sinus Node Dysfunction and the Sick Sinus Syndrome
AV Nodal Conduction Properties
First-Degree AV Block
Laddergram
Second-Degree AV Block
Complete AV Block
Supernormal Conduction
Escape Beats
Escape Pacemakers with Myocardial Infarction
Atrial Ectopic Beats and Pacemakers (Physiology of Automatic Cells)
P Wave Directions and Atrial Ectopic Sites
Premature Atrial Contractions
P’ in Junctional and Low Atrial Pacemakers
P’-R and P’-P Intervals
Hidden Ectopic P Wave Diagnosis
Aberrant Conduction with Premature Atrial Contractions
Right and Left Atrial Dissociation

PVCs, alternans, & Ectopic Tachycardias

Premature Ventricular Contractions
Site and Origin of PVCs
Timing of PVCs in the Cycle
Post-PVC Perfect Compensatory Pause
Interpolated PVCs
Group Beating
Concealed Extrasystoles
Possible Causes of PVCs (Reentry Theory)
Multiform Versus Multifocal PVCs
Ectopic Focus Theory
PVCs Versus Parasystole (Parasystole Defined)
Parasystole
Parasystolic Entrance and Exit Blocks
Capture and Fusion Beats
Reciprocal Beats
Ectopic Tachycardias
Atrial Fibrillation I, II
Atrial Flutter
Atrial Tachycardia
Isorhythmic Dissociation
Electrical Alternans
Ventricular Tachycardia
Mechanisms and Causes of Ventricular Tachycardia
Chronic VT
Differentiation of VT from Supraventricular Tachycardias
AV Dissociation
Bidirectional Tachycardia
Ventricular Flutter and Fibrillation

Basics of ECG Interpretation

ECG Interpretation Basics and Special Cases

$229

One-Time Purchase: See Details

No Credit Card Required for Free Trial

Free Full Trial

Add to Cart

Review cardiac anatomy, electrophysiology and pathophysiology that are relevant to ECG interpretation
Identify normal and abnormal features and variations on ECGs
Recognize common diseases that can be recognized from an ECG
Peer-reviewed revisions by board-certified experts keeps content fresh
Media banks featuring high-resolution ECGs, images, videos, and more for reference and teaching applications
Adaptive learning and other smart utilities built-in

0+
Questions
0
Topics

ECG Interpretation Basics and Special Cases Question Topics

Cardiac Anatomy & ECG Technique
Cardiac Electrophysiology Basics
Chamber Strain & Hypertrophy
Conduction Defects & Pacemakers
Coronary Disease & Vascular Disorders
Drug, Electrolyte, 7 Metabolic Problems
Myocardial & Pericardial Diseases
Reentry, Ectopy, & Arrhythmias
Rhythm Strip Cases I, II

Med-Challenger ECG Basics and Special Cases

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Electrocardiography Interpretation

ECG Principles & Special Cases

Featured Assets

Electrocardiography Mechanics & Interpretation

$229

Item available in value packages.

ECG Principles of Electrocardiography Topics

ECG Principles of Electrocardiography

You don’t just get the best content.

You don’t just get the best content.

Basics of ECG Interpretation

$229

Item available in value packages.

ECG Interpretation Basics and Special Cases Question Topics

You don’t just get the best content.

You don’t just get the best content.

Testimonials

How It Works

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1. Create your account

2. Add assets

3. Get it done – your way.

And you’ll never have to re-buy assets ever again!

With Med-Challenger, you can do everything your career requires, more easily, now and forever.

And by the way….
Med-Challenger also works for Group Education.

Add group education resources and education management controls to your training program or clinical group.

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Electrocardiography Interpretation

ECG Principles & Special Cases

Featured Assets

Electrocardiography Mechanics & Interpretation

$229

Item available in value packages.

ECG Principles of Electrocardiography Topics

ECG Principles of Electrocardiography

You don’t just get the best content.

You don’t just get the best content.

Basics of ECG Interpretation

$229

Item available in value packages.

ECG Interpretation Basics and Special Cases Question Topics

You don’t just get the best content.

You don’t just get the best content.

Testimonials

How It Works

Your account. Your assets. Your abilities.

1. Create your account

2. Add assets

3. Get it done – your way.

And you’ll never have to re-buy assets ever again!

With Med-Challenger, you can do everything your career requires, more easily, now and forever.

And by the way…. Med-Challenger also works for Group Education.

Add group education resources and education management controls to your training program or clinical group.

And by the way….
Med-Challenger also works for Group Education.