An 18-year-old woman with a 10-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presents for a routine physical examination. She is compliant with her medications and, thus far, has had no evidence of any diabetic complication.

Blood pressure at the time of examination shows a reading of 126/70 mm Hg. All investigations are within normal limits and there is no evidence of retinopathy.

Answer Options:

Measure urea and creatinine levels on an every six basis.

Screen for microalbuminuria with a urine dipstick test yearly.

An annual spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

Renal ultrasound every three years.

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